Babylonian Exile
The Babylonian Captivity with MapTreatment of the Jews in BabylonJewish Treatment During the 70 Years inCaptivityBec auseof the Babylonian Captivity, Babylonia became the most important center ofJewish life during the Exile. We know a bit about Jewish thought and lifebecause of some Jewish communities in Egypt, but virtually nothing from theAssyrian Captivity in 722 B.C. And of the 10 lost tribes.The Jewish peoplesurvived in Babylon because the Babylonian policy allowed the Jews to settle intowns and villages along the Chebar River, which was an irrigation channel.
The Babylonian exile was a period in the history of ancient Israel. That exile started with a two-stage deportation—597 and 587 BCE—and presumably ended with the conquest of Babylon by the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 538 BCE.
TheJews were allowed to live together in communities, they were allowed to farm andperform other sorts of labor to earn income. Many Jews eventually becamewealthy. This was probably because of the influence of certain Jews whoministered in the palace of Babylon, like Daniel and his friends. It is alsolikely that the Lord purposed that the Jews would settle down there and getcomfortable.
Click on the picture to enlargeAssyrian captivity and fall of the Kingdom of Northern IsraelTheAssyrian captivity (or Assyrian exile) is theperiod in Jewish history during which a number of Israelitesof the Northern Kingdom of Israel were captives inAssyria.The Northern Kingdom of Israel was the first of the twokingdoms (Israel and Judah) to fall, when it was conqueredby the Assyrian monarchs, Tiglath-Pileser III (Pul) andShalmaneser V. The captivities began in approximately734-732 BC.The later Assyrian kings Sargon II and his son andsuccessor, Sennacherib, finished the demise of Israel'snorthern ten-tribe kingdom.
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In 724 BC, nearly ten yearsafter the initial deportations, the capital city of theNorthern Kingdom of Israel, Samaria, was finally taken bySargon II.The tribes exiled by Assyria later became known as the TenLost Tribes of Israel, as, unlike the Kingdom of Judah whichwas able to return from its Babylonian Captivity, theten tribes of the Northern Kingdom never had a foreign edictgranting permission to return to Israel and rebuild theirhomeland.The Assyrians brought Gentiles to live in the land of Israeland fill it. Babylonian captivity and fall of theKingdom of JudahTheBabylonian captivity (or Babylonian exile) isthe period in Jewish history during which a number of Jewsof the Kingdom of Judah were captives in Babylon.In the late 7th century BC, the Kingdom of Judah was aclient state of the Assyrian empire. In the last decades ofthe century, Assyria was overthrown by Babylon, an Assyrianprovince.Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, plundered Jerusalem and itsTemple and took king Jehoiachin (also called Jeconiah), his courtand other prominent citizens (including the prophet Ezekiel)back to Babylon. Jehoiakim's uncle Zedekiah was appointedking in his place.Despite God's warnings and call to repentance through Hisprophet Jeremiah, Zedekiah revolted against Babylon, towhich Nebuchadnezzar returned and besieged Jerusalem,resulting in the city's destruction in 586 BC.Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the city wall and the Temple,together with the houses of the most important citizens.King Zedekiah was blinded and taken to Babylon with manyothers.Judah became a Babylonian province, called Yehud Medinata(Judah Province), putting an end to the independent Kingdomof Judah. Return of the exiles to IsraelThe books of Ezra andNehemiah (one book in the Hebrew Bible) trace the story ofthe return of the exiled Jewish people to the landof Israel after the 70-year exile in Babylonia.Zerubbabel (Ezra chapters 1-6) led the earliest return,dated approximately 537 BC, and Ezra and Nehemiah led laterreturns (Ezra chapters 7-10).The book of Ezra divides into the ministries of Zerubbabeland Ezra. Both of these men led expeditions of Hebrewcaptives back to the Holy Land from Babylon.
Zerubbabel wasfrom the tribe of Judah and a descendant of King David andthus of the royal line. Ezra descended from the tribe ofLevi and was therefore a priest.This implies that in the work of any restoration both a kingand a priest are needed. The work of the king is to build,or in this case, to rebuild and the work of the priest is tocleanse. Restoration in an individual's life always requiresthese two ministries. We need to cleanse our heart throughrecognition and repentance of our sins and rebuild our lifeon Truth and on God's Law. In this New Testament era allbelieving Christians who obey God's Commandments are bothkings and priests; they recognize the kingship and lordshipof Jesus Christ and they see in Him their High Priest.After the fall of Babylon to the Persian king Cyrus theGreat in 538 BC, exiled Jews began to return tothe land of Judah.
King Cyrus the Great ended theexile of the Jewish people in 537 BC, the year after heconquered Babylonia, granting permission to return to Israeland rebuild the Temple (Second Temple 521-516 BC) underZerubbabel. The return of the exiles was a gradualprocess rather than a single event and many of the deporteesand their descendants did not return.Learn More.